Developing Custom Schemas in Sanity
Schema in Sanity is a TypeScript description of document structure. Fields, types, validation, groups — all in code. Sanity Studio automatically generates editor form from schema.
Document Types and Registration
// sanity/schema.ts
import { postType } from './schemas/postType'
import { authorType } from './schemas/authorType'
import { categoryType } from './schemas/categoryType'
export const schema = {
types: [postType, authorType, categoryType],
}
Complete Product Schema
// schemas/productType.ts
import { defineType, defineField, defineArrayMember } from 'sanity'
export const productType = defineType({
name: 'product',
title: 'Product',
type: 'document',
groups: [
{ name: 'details', title: 'Details', default: true },
{ name: 'media', title: 'Media' },
{ name: 'seo', title: 'SEO' },
],
fields: [
defineField({
name: 'name',
title: 'Name',
type: 'string',
group: 'details',
validation: rule => rule.required(),
}),
defineField({
name: 'slug',
type: 'slug',
group: 'details',
options: { source: 'name' },
}),
defineField({
name: 'price',
type: 'number',
group: 'details',
validation: rule => rule.required().positive(),
}),
defineField({
name: 'images',
type: 'array',
group: 'media',
of: [
defineArrayMember({
type: 'image',
options: { hotspot: true },
fields: [defineField({ name: 'alt', type: 'string' })],
}),
],
}),
defineField({
name: 'seoTitle',
title: 'SEO Title',
type: 'string',
group: 'seo',
validation: rule => rule.max(60),
}),
],
})
Portable Text Schema
// schemas/blockContent.ts
import { defineType, defineArrayMember } from 'sanity'
export const blockContentType = defineType({
name: 'blockContent',
type: 'array',
of: [
defineArrayMember({
type: 'block',
styles: [
{ title: 'Normal', value: 'normal' },
{ title: 'H2', value: 'h2' },
],
marks: {
decorators: [
{ title: 'Bold', value: 'strong' },
{ title: 'Italic', value: 'em' },
],
},
}),
defineArrayMember({
type: 'image',
options: { hotspot: true },
fields: [defineField({ name: 'alt', type: 'string' })],
}),
],
})
Timeline
Development of 4–6 schemas with Portable Text, relationships and validation — 2–3 days.