1C Integration with OpenCart

1C Integration with OpenCart

Synchronizing catalog, stock, and orders between 1C and OpenCart is standard task for online stores with accounting system. Data must flow both ways: products from 1C to OpenCart, orders from OpenCart to 1C.

Integration Approaches

CommerceML (1C standard) — 1C can generate XML files in CommerceML 2 format and exchange them with the website via HTTP. Most compatible method.

REST API — 1C Enterprise 8.3 supports HTTP services. OpenCart provides REST API. More flexible but requires programming on both sides.

Direct Database Connection — not recommended in production but used for one-time migrations.

CommerceML Integration

Protocol: 1C sends POST requests to special script on website. OpenCart must have handler /index.php?route=api/1c/....

Install module: 1C-Bitrix Exchange (open source) or ocStore Exchange 1C.

Configuration in 1C (Data Exchange with Website):
  Website URL: https://shop.ru/index.php?route=api/1c
  User: OpenCart API user
  Password: ****
  Frequency: every 15 minutes (stock), every hour (full catalog)

Custom CommerceML Handler

// catalog/controller/api/exchange1c.php

class ControllerApi1cExchange extends Controller {
    private function authenticate(): bool {
        $token = $this->request->get['token'] ?? $this->request->server['HTTP_X_API_TOKEN'] ?? '';
        return hash_equals($this->config->get('api_1c_token'), $token);
    }

    public function catalog(): void {
        if (!$this->authenticate()) {
            $this->response->setOutput('failure=Unauthorized');
            return;
        }

        $mode = $this->request->get['mode'] ?? '';

        match ($mode) {
            'checkauth' => $this->checkAuth(),
            'init'      => $this->init(),
            'file'      => $this->receiveFile(),
            'import'    => $this->import(),
            default     => $this->response->setOutput('failure=Unknown mode'),
        };
    }

    private function import(): void {
        $filename = $this->request->get['filename'] ?? '';
        $filePath = DIR_UPLOAD . 'exchange1c/' . basename($filename);

        if (!file_exists($filePath)) {
            $this->response->setOutput('failure=File not found');
            return;
        }

        $xml = simplexml_load_file($filePath);
        $this->processProducts($xml);

        $this->response->setOutput('success=Import completed');
    }

    private function processProducts(\SimpleXMLElement $xml): void {
        foreach ($xml->Catalog->Goods->Good as $product) {
            $sku = (string)$product->Article;
            $name = (string)$product->Name;
            $price = (float)$product->PricePerUnit;

            $existingId = $this->getProductIdBySku($sku);

            if ($existingId) {
                $this->model_catalog_product->editProduct($existingId, [
                    'price' => $price,
                    'quantity' => (int)$product->Stock,
                ]);
            } else {
                $this->model_catalog_product->addProduct([
                    'sku'      => $sku,
                    'model'    => $sku,
                    'name'     => ['ru' => $name],
                    'price'    => $price,
                    'quantity' => (int)$product->Stock,
                    'status'   => 1,
                ]);
            }
        }
    }
}

Stock Synchronization (Fast Mode)

For frequent stock updates (every 5–15 minutes) — separate lightweight endpoint:

// POST /api/1c/stock
// Body: JSON [{sku: "ART-001", qty: 15}, ...]

public function updateStock(): void {
    $items = json_decode($this->request->post['data'], true);
    $updated = 0;

    foreach ($items as $item) {
        $productId = $this->getProductIdBySku($item['sku']);
        if ($productId) {
            $this->db->query("UPDATE " . DB_PREFIX . "product SET quantity = '" . (int)$item['qty'] . "'
                WHERE product_id = '" . (int)$productId . "'");
            $updated++;
        }
    }

    $this->response->addHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
    $this->response->setOutput(json_encode(['updated' => $updated]));
}

Exporting Orders to 1C

// GET /api/1c/orders?from=2024-01-01&status=2

public function getOrders(): void {
    $dateFrom = $this->request->get['from'] ?? date('Y-m-d', strtotime('-1 day'));
    $statusId = (int)($this->request->get['status'] ?? 2);  // 2 = Processing

    $orders = $this->model_sale_order->getOrders([
        'filter_date_added' => $dateFrom,
        'filter_order_status_id' => $statusId,
    ]);

    $result = [];
    foreach ($orders as $order) {
        $products = $this->model_sale_order->getOrderProducts($order['order_id']);
        $result[] = [
            'id'       => $order['order_id'],
            'date'     => $order['date_added'],
            'total'    => $order['total'],
            'customer' => $order['firstname'] . ' ' . $order['lastname'],
            'phone'    => $order['telephone'],
            'address'  => $order['shipping_address_1'],
            'products' => array_map(fn($p) => [
                'sku' => $p['model'],
                'name' => $p['name'],
                'qty'  => $p['quantity'],
                'price' => $p['price'],
            ], $products),
        ];
    }

    $this->response->addHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
    $this->response->setOutput(json_encode(['orders' => $result]));
}

Error Handling and Queue

For reliability — asynchronous queue. If 1C unavailable, changes are queued:

// Queue table
CREATE TABLE oc_1c_queue (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    type ENUM('product', 'stock', 'order') NOT NULL,
    payload JSON NOT NULL,
    status ENUM('pending', 'processing', 'done', 'failed') DEFAULT 'pending',
    attempts INT DEFAULT 0,
    created_at DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    processed_at DATETIME NULL
);

Timelines

Basic integration (catalog + stock via CommerceML) — 5–7 days. Bidirectional integration with orders and queue — 10–14 days.