Product Import from 1C (CommerceML/XML)

Implementing Product Import from 1C (CommerceML/XML)

Data exchange between 1C and website is one of the most in-demand and technically ambiguous tasks in web development. CommerceML standard exists since 2000s, but each 1C configuration implements it differently: XML structure, field population, category export logic, attributes vary. No universal solution exists — integration needed for specific configuration.

CommerceML Standard

1C exports data in ZIP archives with XML files:

import.zip
├── import.xml      — product catalog, categories, properties
├── offers.xml      — warehouses, prices, stock
└── import0.xml     — catalog continuation (when split into files)

Structure example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<КоммерческаяИнформация ВерсияСхемы="2.10">
  <Каталог>
    <Группы>
      <Группа>
        <Ид>f47ac10b-58cc-4372-a567-0e02b2c3d479</Ид>
        <Наименование>Электроника</Наименование>
      </Группа>
    </Группы>
    <Товары>
      <Товар>
        <Ид>550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000</Ид>
        <Артикул>IPH-15-PRO-256</Артикул>
        <Наименование>iPhone 15 Pro 256GB</Наименование>
      </Товар>
    </Товары>
  </Каталог>
</КоммерческаяИнформация>

Exchange Protocol

1C initiates exchange via HTTP requests to site. Site implements handler on specific URLs:

GET  /1c-exchange/?type=catalog&mode=checkauth
GET  /1c-exchange/?type=catalog&mode=init
POST /1c-exchange/?type=catalog&mode=file&filename=import.zip
GET  /1c-exchange/?type=catalog&mode=import&filename=import.xml

Sequence:

1. checkauth — 1C checks authorization
2. init — gets limits (max file size, zip or not)
3. file — uploads XML files
4. import — requests import of specific file

Handler Implementation (PHP/Laravel)

class OnecExchangeController extends Controller
{
    public function handle(Request $request)
    {
        $mode = $request->query('mode');

        return match($mode) {
            'checkauth' => $this->checkAuth($request),
            'init'      => $this->init(),
            'file'      => $this->uploadFile($request),
            'import'    => $this->importFile($request),
            default     => response('failure', 400),
        };
    }

    private function checkAuth(Request $request): Response
    {
        if (!$this->validateCredentials($request)) {
            return response("failure\nInvalid login or password");
        }
        $cookie = Str::random(32);
        Cache::put("1c_session_{$cookie}", true, 600);
        return response("success\nCOOKIE\n1c_session={$cookie}");
    }

    private function init(): Response
    {
        return response(implode("\n", [
            'zip=yes',
            'file_limit=' . (32 * 1024 * 1024),
        ]));
    }

    private function uploadFile(Request $request): Response
    {
        $filename = $request->query('filename');
        $request->file('file')->storeAs('1c-exchange', $filename);
        return response('success');
    }

    private function importFile(Request $request): Response
    {
        $filename = $request->query('filename');
        ImportFrom1cJob::dispatch($filename);
        return response('success');
    }
}

XML Parsing

class CommerceMLParser
{
    public function parseImport(string $xmlPath): void
    {
        $xml = simplexml_load_file($xmlPath, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA);

        foreach ($xml->Каталог->Товары->Товар as $item) {
            $guid = (string) $item->Ид;
            $sku  = (string) $item->Артикул;
            $name = (string) $item->Наименование;

            Product::updateOrCreate(
                ['onec_guid' => $guid],
                ['sku' => $sku, 'name' => $name]
            );
        }
    }
}

Offers Processing (Prices and Stock)

public function parseOffers(string $xmlPath): void
{
    $xml = simplexml_load_file($xmlPath);

    foreach ($xml->ПакетПредложений->Предложения->Предложение as $offer) {
        $guid  = (string) $offer->Ид;
        $price = (float)  $offer->Цены->Цена->ЦенаЗаЕдиницу;
        $stock = (int)    $offer->Количество;

        Product::where('onec_guid', $guid)->update([
            'price' => $price,
            'stock' => $stock,
        ]);
    }
}

Asynchronous Import

Large catalogs (10,000+ products) cannot be processed synchronously — 1C waits several seconds for response. Solution:

• File saved immediately (uploadFile)
• importFile returns success immediately
• Processing runs in background via Laravel Queue
• Progress available via separate endpoint

Timeline

Product import from one 1C configuration (catalog + prices + stock): 8–12 work days. Includes testing on real customer data and debugging edge cases.